Chapter-12 Geographical Perspective class 12 Notes Geography

-
  CBSE class 12 Geography (Book-2) Chapter-12 Geographical Perspective class 12 Notes Geography Pollution It is the unwanted matter and energy in the environment which harms to the man Types of pollution: 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Land pollution 4. Noise pollution Pollution Causes Pollutants Effects Solution Air Pollution Combustion of coal diesel, industrial processes solid waste disposal sewage disposal Oxides of sulphur, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia, lead, aldehydes asbestos &beryllium Causes various diseases, respiratory , nervous and circulatory systems cause smog in cities, acid rain, in return cause damage to the buildings Plantation, use of filters in industries, use of nonconventional energy resources use of public transport Water Pollution Sewage disposal, urban runoff, toxic effluents, runoff from Ag. lands Odor, suspended solids, ammonia, urea, chloride, grease, insecticide, heavy metals Water borne diseases diarrhea, intestinal worms, hepatitis, ...

Class 12 Notes for Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

-

 

Class 12 Notes for Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

GENERAL FEATURES 

  1. large number work in the tertiary sector and medium number work in the secondary sector
  2. They include both production and exchange
  3. Production includes the provision of service
  4. output is indirectly measured in terms of wages and salaries
  5. change involves trade transport and communication
  6. Provide commercial output service
  7. Specialized skills are involved

TYPES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES   SERVICE SECTOR

Service Sector

1. Tertiary

A. Trade & Commerce

I. Whole Sale

a. Urban Supply House

b. Rural Mandis

II. Retail

a. Urban

i. Chain Stores

ii. Mail Order[Mail Order has further in 2 types:-Telephone and internet]

iii. Convenient Shopping

iv. PDS

b. Rural

i. Periodic Markets

B. Transport

I. Road

II. Rail

III. Water

a. Inland

b. Oceanic

i. Passenger

ii. Cargo

IV. Air

C. Communication

I. Means of Transport

II. Telecommunication

a. Telephone

i. Landline

ii. Mobile

III. Audiovisual

a. Films

b. Radio

c. TV

d. Print

i. News

ii. Magazine

D. Services

I. Banking

II. Insurance

III. Real Estate

IV. Personal

a. Private

b. Govt.

c. NGO

2. Quaternary

A. Information based

B. R & D Based

3. Quinary

A. Specialist

B. Decision-makers

C. Consultant

D. Policy Formulators

SOME SELECTED EXAMPLES 

Tourism: tourist regions, factors affecting tourism: demand, transport

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS:  climate, landscape history, and art, culture and economy Empowered workers,

QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES‟

  1. Collection production and dissemination of information,.
  2. Production of information,
  3. Research and development,
  4. Specialized knowledge,
  5. Technical skills,
  6. Administrative competence.

QUINARY ACTIVITIES

  • The highest level of decision-makers, policymakers,

Outsourcing

  • A large no. of call centers in India and China opened

Advantages

  • Cheap,
  • Availability of skilled persons,
  • English language communication skills,
  • Out migrating countries.

It includes 

  1. Knowledge processing outsourcing
  2. Home shoring
  3. Business process outsourcing
  4. Availability of high skilled workers ex. E-learning, business research  intellectual property legal profession  and banking sector

MEDICAL SERVICES FOR OVERSEAS PATIENTS I INDIA

  1. India is leading country in medical tourism
  2. World-class hospitals are located in India
  3. Abundant benefits for the developing countries
  4. It is cheap for developed countries
  5. Advantages for patients
  6. Developed transport in India

DIGITAL DIVIDE

  1. Availability of information and communication technology
  2. It is uneven in the world
  3. It depends on the government policy
  4. Developed countries provide but developing countries still provide the ICT to their people

Popular posts from this blog

Chapter-10 Transport And Communication class 12 Notes Geography

-
  CBSE Class 12 Geography (Book-2) Chapter-10 Transport And Communication class 12 Notes Geography CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION LAND 1. ROAD  2. RAILWAY  3. PIPE LINES WATER 1.  INLAND     2. OCEANIC AIR 1. DOMESTIC  2. INTERNATIONAL LAND TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT 1. Total road length is 33.1 lakh km 2. 80% passengers, and 70%  of freight are carried by roads 3. Shai road connect Indus valley to Sone valley 4. It is renamed as grad trunk road 5. At present it connects Amritsar,  Kolkata( nh1 nh2) CLASSIFICATION OF RAODS I.  NATIONAL HIGH WAYS 1. Constructed and maintained by central govt. 2. Meant for interstate transport 3. Movement of defense men and material 4. Connect state capitals 5. Total length is 65769 km 6. Accounts 2% of road length 7. Carry 40% of traffic 8. Golden quadrilateral 5846 km , 4/6/lane. High density traffic, connect metro cities, time distance and cost distance decreased n-s corridor conn...
Read more

Chapter-12 Geographical Perspective class 12 Notes Geography

-
  CBSE class 12 Geography (Book-2) Chapter-12 Geographical Perspective class 12 Notes Geography Pollution It is the unwanted matter and energy in the environment which harms to the man Types of pollution: 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Land pollution 4. Noise pollution Pollution Causes Pollutants Effects Solution Air Pollution Combustion of coal diesel, industrial processes solid waste disposal sewage disposal Oxides of sulphur, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia, lead, aldehydes asbestos &beryllium Causes various diseases, respiratory , nervous and circulatory systems cause smog in cities, acid rain, in return cause damage to the buildings Plantation, use of filters in industries, use of nonconventional energy resources use of public transport Water Pollution Sewage disposal, urban runoff, toxic effluents, runoff from Ag. lands Odor, suspended solids, ammonia, urea, chloride, grease, insecticide, heavy metals Water borne diseases diarrhea, intestinal worms, hepatitis, ...
Read more

CHAPTER-8 Manufacturing Industries class 12 Notes Geography

-
  CBSE class 12 Geography (Book-2) CHAPTER-8 Manufacturing Industries class 12 Notes Geography CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES A. ON THE BASIS OF SIZE, CAPITAL LABOUR FORCE 1. Large, 2. Medium 3.small 4. Cottage B. ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP 1. Public 2. private 3. Joint 4.coperative C. ON THE BASIS OF PRODUCT 1. Basic 2. Capital 3. Intermediate 4. Consumer industries D. ON THE BASIS OF RAW MATERIALS 1. Agro based 2. Forest  3. Mineral 4. Industrially processed E. NATURE OF PRODUCT 1. Metallurgical 2. Mechanical 3. Chemical 4. Textile 5. Food processing 6. 7.electricity generation 8. Electronics 9. Communication LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES LOCATIONAL FACTORS 1. Raw materials 2. Power 3. Transport 4. Labour 5. Historical factors 6. Industrial policy MAJOR INDUSTRIES IRON STEEL INDUSTRIES RAW MATERIALS:  iron ore, coking coal lime stone, dolomite, manganese, fire clay TYPES OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES 1. Integrated steel plants 2. Mini steel plants 3. Rolling mills 4. Ancillary ind...
Read more