WHY SHOULD WE STUDY GEOGRAPHY?
1. We live on the earth‟s surface
2. Our lives are affected in many ways by our surroundings
3. We depend on the resources available from the earth surface
4. Primitive societies substituted on the plants and animals
5. Food, shelter, and dress are depending on the climate
6. Cropping pattern is based on the climate of the place
7. To know the changes taken place throughout the geological time
8. To know the lands and people
9. Develop skills to convert the globe to map
10. To have a visual sense of the earth surface
What are the recent techniques that helped the geographer to understand the earth‟s surface
better?
1. GIS& GPS
2. COMPUTER CARTOGRAPHY
WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?
The earth consists of physical and cultural features. They are different from one place to
another. This difference helped to understand the relationship
between physical and cultural features. Physical features provided the stage and human societies enacted the drama to develop their skills. With the use of skills and tools, he modified nature.
Who coined the term „Geography‟ first?
ERATOSTHENES, A GREEK SCHOLAR (276-194 BC)
What is the origin of the word „Geography‟?
The word derived from the Greek language geo= earth,
graphos=description.
Some scholars defined geography as the description of the
earth as the abode of human beings.
How can we say that the earth is „multidimensional‟?
Many Sciences developed to describe the physical features of
the earth such as Geology, Pedology, Oceanography Botany
Zoology and Meteorology & Cultural features of the earth such as Economics, History, Sociology
Political Science, Anthropology,
How does Geography differ from other subjects?
Geography differs from other subjects in terms of matter and methodology. Geography derives
its data from the Social Sciences and Natural Sciences.
What do you mean by „areal differentiation‟?
When there are similarity and dissimilarity among the physical and cultural features on the earth
surface, it is called aerial differentiation.
What do the Geographers study?
They study the variations and association of the features on the earth's surface
e.g. Cropping pattern differs from place to place and it is due to the difference in the climate, soil,
demand, transport facility, the capacity of the farmer.
A geographer also studies the cause and effect relationships.
The interaction between man and nature is highly dynamic and not static; so it is also called the study of the relationship between unstable earth and untrusting man.
What is the relation between man and nature?
Human is an integral part of nature and nature has imprints of man.
What is the effect of nature on man?
Food clothing, shelter, and occupation of man are decided by nature
How does technology help man?
--to loosen the shackles of the physical conditions.
--to develop resources and utilize them.
--to reach the higher needs of life. It increased the production of the crops&
mobility of labor.
Describe the dialogue between nature and man.
You created the soil, I created the cup,
You created a night, I created the lamp.
You created wilderness, hilly terrains, and deserts;
I created flower beds and gardens.
Explain the changes that occurred in the civilization of man in course of time?
1. Man moved from the stage of necessity to the stage of freedom.
2. Created new possibilities from nature
3. We find now humanized nature and naturalized man
4. Space got organized with the help of transport and communication.
What does Geography study?
Geography studies spatial organization and spatial integration.
Which are the three questions concerned with Geography?
👀What are the natural and cultural features found on the earth's surface?
👀Where are these features found?
👀Why are these features found there?
How can we say that Geography is an integrated discipline?
It is a discipline of synthesis; it includes spatial and temporal synthesis.
Its approach is holistic in nature. it recognizes the fact that the world is a system of
interdependence. The present world is a global village. Efficient transport and
communication helped the world to become a unified village. The audiovisual media helped the
data to be enriched. Technology provided better chances of monitoring natural phenomena as
well as the economic and social parameters.
What is the basic objective of Sciences & Social Sciences?
The basic aim of Science and Social Science is to understand the reality