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Chapter-12 Geographical Perspective class 12 Notes Geography

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  CBSE class 12 Geography (Book-2) Chapter-12 Geographical Perspective class 12 Notes Geography Pollution It is the unwanted matter and energy in the environment which harms to the man Types of pollution: 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Land pollution 4. Noise pollution Pollution Causes Pollutants Effects Solution Air Pollution Combustion of coal diesel, industrial processes solid waste disposal sewage disposal Oxides of sulphur, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, ammonia, lead, aldehydes asbestos &beryllium Causes various diseases, respiratory , nervous and circulatory systems cause smog in cities, acid rain, in return cause damage to the buildings Plantation, use of filters in industries, use of nonconventional energy resources use of public transport Water Pollution Sewage disposal, urban runoff, toxic effluents, runoff from Ag. lands Odor, suspended solids, ammonia, urea, chloride, grease, insecticide, heavy metals Water borne diseases diarrhea, intestinal worms, hepatitis, ...
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Chapter-11 International Trade class 12 Notes Geography

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  CBSE class 12 Geography (Book-2) Chapter-11 International Trade class 12 Notes  Geography Changes in International Trade 1. There is a change in volume that is increased but the value of import is more than export 2. Increase in trade deficit 3. It is due to rise of petroleum price Changes in Composition 1. The share of agriculture and allied products has declined 2. The share of petroleum has increased 3. The share of ore-minerals and manufactured goods have largely remained constant 4. Increasing in India’s refining capacity also responsible for importing petroleum 5. Declining in traditional goods is due to tough international competition 6. There is a great decline in coffee, spices, pulses, tea 7. Increase in Floriculture products, marine products, sugar and fresh fruits 8. Manufacturing alone accounted for 75.96% 9. Engineering goods have show growth in export 10. China and East Asian countries are our competitors 11. Gems and Jewellery contributed a large share in for...
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Chapter-10 Transport And Communication class 12 Notes Geography

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  CBSE Class 12 Geography (Book-2) Chapter-10 Transport And Communication class 12 Notes Geography CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION LAND 1. ROAD  2. RAILWAY  3. PIPE LINES WATER 1.  INLAND     2. OCEANIC AIR 1. DOMESTIC  2. INTERNATIONAL LAND TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT 1. Total road length is 33.1 lakh km 2. 80% passengers, and 70%  of freight are carried by roads 3. Shai road connect Indus valley to Sone valley 4. It is renamed as grad trunk road 5. At present it connects Amritsar,  Kolkata( nh1 nh2) CLASSIFICATION OF RAODS I.  NATIONAL HIGH WAYS 1. Constructed and maintained by central govt. 2. Meant for interstate transport 3. Movement of defense men and material 4. Connect state capitals 5. Total length is 65769 km 6. Accounts 2% of road length 7. Carry 40% of traffic 8. Golden quadrilateral 5846 km , 4/6/lane. High density traffic, connect metro cities, time distance and cost distance decreased n-s corridor conn...
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